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FOE THE GOVEENMENT OF THE 
OF MABYLAND, 

ALSO, 

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR TEACHERS AND PUPILS, 

TOGETHER WITH 

FOEMS AND INSTEUCTIONS FOE TEANSACTING ALL 
PUBLIC SCHOOL BUSINESS. 



ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF 



Wv 



THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION 




V 

BALTBIOEE: 
PRINTED BY WILLIAM K. BOYLE. 

1865. 




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P 'r.r/'' 



Q/o me ^^o?nnuddW7iezd' o/ me 

(^wHic (i/cfi(>(>u d miaudand. 



The following Code of By Laws piepared bj' the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction and issued by 
authority of the State Board of Educadon sets forth in 
detail the methods according to which the School Sys- 
tem is to be put into harmonious and efficient operation. 

The By-Laws are designed as the Complement to the 
Act providing a Uniforoi System of Public Schools for the 
State. Taken together with the Law, the Rules for the 
Government of teachers and pupils and the various forms 
contained in the Appendix, you have not only the theory 
but the complete working plan of the School System. 

It is expected that Commissioners and teachers will 
make themselves thoroughly acquainted, not only with 
the spirit but the letter of the law, and the regulations 
which are issued under its precepts. It is a system of 
Free Public Instruction. It recognizes the duty of Uni- 
versal Educatii^n without distinction of caste, or class, or 
social position. It recognizes the great truth that all 
men are born free and equal, all have an interest in the 
public weal. All can become valuable citizens of the 
State, all can be enlightened and thereby made the Con- 
tibutors to wealth and progress. Hence it passes by 
none, however humble. It opens a fountain of know- 



IV 

ledge to whicli the multitudes may come and drink refresli 
ing and invigorating draughts which make glad the heart, 
and stimulate those longings which encourage the devel- 
opment of a perfect humanity. It reveals a source of 
light, that will not only cheer but make safe the path of 
all who walk amid life's perplexities. 

The work that opens before the School Commissioner 
thus becomes most eminently a missionary work, and 
appeals to him as a patriot and philanthropist to enter 
upon it with pure, disinterested and earnest motives. 

To the Superintendent it is a cause not only of joy, 
but of devout thankfulness to the great Disposer of 
events, that the lot has fallen upon such highly qualified 
and sincerely devoted friends of education, to assist him 
in bearing the heavy responsibility which he has assumed. 

It is the Pioneer who encounters the greatest obsta- 
cles, who has to make the rough places smooth, who is 
called upon to explain misapprehensions, to conciliate 
prejudices, to correct misinterpretations and remove 
those doubts and hesitations which even among clear 
thinking men always throw a shadow over and rear a 
barrier before every new enterprise. 

We cannot and ought not to conceal from ourselves 
the fact, that a system of Free Public Instruction, which 
aims at nothing short of Universal Education, which 
designs to give the child of the poorest and humblest fam- 
ily every opportunity for elementary education; a system 
which, if the child prove worthy, will carry him forward 
through the High School and the College to the profes- 
sional vSchools of the University, is not unanimously ad- 
vocated by our fellow citizens. Some complain because 
they are taxed, and oppose Schools, saying "that no 
child is -entitled to any better education than his parents 
can pay for." Others claim to be friends of Public In- 
struction but disapprove certain features of the Law 



and upon that base an opposition to Free Schools, instead 
of proving iheir sincerity by striving to correct the real 
or imagined defects, A few persistently oppose all 
Schools for the poor, asserting that the laboring man is 
most contented when ig-norant, and as laboring- men will 
always be needed, it is best that nothing be done which 
will cause them to be dissatisfied with their condition. 
By such specious arguments, universal education is op- 
posed, and prejudices are awakened against every sys- 
tem which provides for the diffusion of knowledge among 
the masses. We have to contend against this opposition. 
We also have to meet that distrust which always attaches 
to new expedients, new lavv^s, especially those Laws 
which work radical, social and moral changes. Let the 
contest be pursued with calmness. Seek by lucid expla- 
nations of the law and of its many beneficent provisions 
to gain for it friends. Convince the tax payers that it is 
better to use money for Schools than for Alms Blouses 
and Penitentiaries, That the teacher is cheaper than 
the Judge. The School House costs less than the Court 
House. Thus disarm opposition and at the same time 
secure the hearty, earnest support of the thousands who 
know the value of knowledge and claim its benefits for 
the cliildren who are to be our future voters, perhaps 
legislative and executive officers. 

Many object to the School Law because so little has 
been accomplished under the old Systems. Disappointed 
in the past and now impatient to reach results, they are 
disinclined to give this a fair trial, to wait till its growth 
proves its worth. They expect a sudden and radical 
change by which School Houses will be transformed, 
teachers qualified, children rendered docile and quiet. 
The Law cannot do the work of Alladin's Lamp, but 
it can sow the seed and nurse the tender plant until 
U developes its strength, and is ready for the harvest. 



VI 

We must counsel our pei»ple not to be impatient. To 
remember that the foundation is now being laid, and ere 
long the superstructure will appear. Let the foundation 
be well laid. Better disappoint those who are over anx- 
ious, than gratify them by a sudden and short-lived 
development. 

Had not the base been laid by builders wise 
The Pyramids had never reached the skies. 

Our motto is "to aim at the highest good with courage 
and with confidence," but we are willing to proceed 
slowly and cautiously. The General Assembly has given 
us a good law. With a few alterations it will be entirely 
adapted to our present wants. These alterations will not 
affect general principles. They concern minor details, 
will smooth down some roughness and remove seeming 
inconsistencies and verbal inaccuracies which naturally 
resulted from the changes made in the Committee and 
afterwards during debate in Senate and House. We 
liave reason to feel a just pride in this Law. It is ap 
proved by Educationists of otiier States, and acknow- 
ledged to bo not only a complete System, but to secure a 
greater degree of uniformity than has yet been attained 
by any similar enactment. 

It is worthy of note that our legislators have in this 
law, come up to the full measure of duty, and instead of 
giving to the State a skeleton system, have enacted that 
which, with few changes, can be adapted to the present 
and prospective necessities of our population. Such alter- 
ations and additions as may seem wise will be reported 
by the Committee appointed at the Convention of August 
22 and 23. Besides verbal corrections, they chiefly con- 
cern the questions of local taxation for building vSchool 
Houses, the reading of Holy Scripture at opening of 
School, the education of children employed in factories 
and a method byk which a more regular attendance of 



Vll 

pupils at School can be secured. To accomplisli this 
and whatever else the Committee may sug^g^est, we must 
endeavor to awaken in our Legislature an earnest and 
enlightened zeal in the great cause of Public Instruction. 
It is the most important question of the day. Upon it 
the solution of the problem of our popular System of 
Government depends. We must unite to sustain educa- 
tion. The work is committed to our hands. By every 
proper means, on all suitable occasions, and with all the 
weight of influence which we are able to exert, it is our 
duty fo urge upon our people and our legislative and 
executive officers their duty and privilege to make men- 
tal development keep pace witb material progress, to 
have intelligence and prosperity advance with equal step 
to exhibit to the world a people not only endowed with 
the right of self-government, but comprehending the 
great purposes for which government is instituted, and 
capable to direct its powers, free from selfish designs, 
for the greatest good of the greatest number. 

It is wise to investigate the causes of the inefficiency 
of the various systems of Public Schools heretofore en- 
forced in our State. We are now behind the times, and 
in no grade of Public Instruction can we compare favor- 
ably with many younger States. Most of our Academies 
are little better than Grrammar Schools. Our Colleges are 
provided with a full corps of Professors, but exhibit small 
catalogues of students. The fault has been with the old 
system of Primary instruction. Primary instruction has 
been inefficient because none of the means of conducting: 
a School successfully have been supplied, and whenever 
a parent has had the ability, children, even of tender 
years, and young men have been sent away from home 
to secure elementary, academic and collegiate education. 
Our School Houses, with few exceptions, are inconveni- 
ently located, badly built and out of repair. I doubt 



via 

whether we have two huiidreil really comfortable and 
suitable School houses in the State. The furniture is of 
the rudest kind. Books have been procured by the chil- 
dren slowly, and of various editions. No maps or black 
boards have been provided. In these badly furnished and 
rudely built, and inconveniently located houses, Teachers, 
with very small salaries, have been placed to instruct 
from twenty to fifty children, some without books, all 
without the ordinary comforts and conveniences of a well 
ordered School. 

We need not be surprised at the result. The public 
money has been spent and very little good accomplished. 
It is true that this is not the case everywhere. There are 
honorable exceptions. There are Counties which, by 
liberal local tax, have been sustaining Schools, building 
School Houses, providing furniture and books, and deal- 
ing liberally with Teachers. They have succeeded, but 
their success is not yet equal to their expectation or inten- 
tion. Compare such Counties with those which have 
made little progress, and it will be found that the differ- 
ence results from the liberal appropriations for School 
Houses, School furniture and Teachers salaries, and the 
active and intelligent supervision which controls the sys- 
tem. The one has provided the means essential to the 
most moderate degree of success, the other has neglected 
to do likewise. 

School work, like all other work, is *' matter of fact busi- 
ness." We may indulge in earnest declamation about the 
beauty of virtue, the value of intelligence, the necessity 
of education. We may contrast the comforts of civilized 
life with the discomforts of the uncivilized. We may be 
enthusiastic about the spirit of the age and the wonders 
of the 19th century. These sentiments are right,, but 
they do nothing for the cause of progress unless they lead 
us to build School Houses and to provide money to com- 



IX 

pensate intelligent Teachers. We must therefore leave 
abstract discussions and come to practical detail. My 
advice most emphatically is, to each Commissioner and 
and to each Board of School Commissioners, to give all 
possible attention, and secure all attainable means to 
buildinr( the teacher's workshop ; provide the necessary 
working tools, putting every thing into good order for 
successful work, and then, with competent workmen and 
under vigilant supervision, besfin the work. 

As soon as we have secured these material requisites, 
we can begin. The Normal School, the Text-Book Sys- 
tem, School Libraries, District Meetings, Teachers Insti- 
tutes and Associations, High Schools and Colleges will 
come in and make complete the system of Public Instruc- 
tion So important do I consider the School House, pro- 
perly located and well furnished, to be to any degree of 
success, that I would recommend School to be open only 
six months in each year, if necessary, that funds may be 
accumulated to erect proper buildings. 

But in this work we expect the co-operation of the 
citizens. The women of the District must be enlisted in 
the good cause. By contributions, by fairs, pic-nics and 
such like means, funds can be raised, and neat School 
houses built, all over the State, which will be the 23ride of 
each neighborhood, and attract the attention of strangers 
to tht? zeal of the people in the educational progress, and 
the determination of parents to secure for their children 
reasonable personal comforts with the necessary aids and 
encouragements to the acquisition of knowledge. 

These ideas are expressed in a condensed tabular form 
in my first Report to the General Assembly of Mary- 
land, page 128, and are here repeated. 



The Four Elements which constitute a Good Pri- 
mary ScHOooL, and without which this System of Public 
Instruction will fail of great results, are : 

L— A SUITABLE SCHOOL SITE. 
IL— A CONVENIENT SCHOOL HOUSE. 
TIL— A WELL QUALIFIED TEACHER. 
IV.— AN EARNEST AND INTELLIGENT SUPERVISION. 

I.— The ScJiool Site: 

Remote from noise and that routine work which attracts the 
attention of children. 

II. — The School House. 

1. — Neatly built with Architectural proportions. 

2. Furnished comfortably with reference to Physiological 

Laws. 

3. Equipped with Black Board, Outline Maps, Text-Books 

and cheap Educational Apparatus. 

4. Well warmed, lighted and ventilated. 

Wl.— The Teacher: 

1. A thorough knowledge of the subjects to be taught. 

2. Skill in the art, and love for the work of teaching. 

3. Capacity to govern, cheerful temperament, of good manners, 

IV. — -Su^yervision : 

1. Earnest, by some gentleman interested in Public Schools, 

2. Intelligent, by some gentleman capable to judge of Teach- 

ing. 

3. Vigilant, by some gentleman who will devote time to 

the work. 

The best Teacher accomplishes little if his School room be incon- 
venient and badly furnished. He is like the mechanic who has 
neither shop nor tools. The best Teacher becomes listless if his 
work is never inspected. He is discouraged if no person manifests 
interest in his School, and notes the progress of his Pupils. 



XI 

In many sections of the State there are few resident 
teachers competent to instruct, thoroughly, in all the 
branches of study designated in the law. Until the Nor- 
mal Schools and Teachers Institutes have furnished quali- 
fied home teachers for every city and county, we must 
depend upon those who come to the District to take 
charge of the School. 

Many applications have been made at the Superintend- 
ents office for Schools, chiefly by young Vv'omen. Of these 
several have, at the request of Commissioners, been sent to 
the Counties. 

To meet future demands a Register has been opened 
in which the names and references of applicants will be 
entered. Should any Commissioner have occasion to ask 
the aid of the Superintendent, he must state distinctly the 
location of the School, the probable salary, the price of 
board near to the School, and such other facts as will give 
the teacher a definite idea both of duties, emoluments and 
personal comforts connected with a hoirva. This last is 
of great importance for women teachers, none of whom 
are willinof or ouofht to sfo to a distant District, without 
having first the assurance of board in an agreeable family. 
This arrangement must be made by the Commissioner or 
School Visiior,'and, if well made, will retain the services 
of competent teachers when they are secured. Itinerant 
Teachers are not generally successful. They form no 
social ties. They do not become acquainted with parents 
and children at home. Their personal influence. is slight, 
and so their efficiency in the School room. Pleasant homes 
will not only attract Teachers, but will induce them to be- 
come permanent resident?- Thus, interest in the pupils 
will be strengthened, opportunities of usefulness increased, 
an] authority exeited with success, increased by co-opera- 
tion of parents and a knowledge of the character of the 
younsf students As a oreneral rule, the Teacher should 



Xll 

be a resident among the patrons of the School, and when 
ever practicable a permanent resident. 

The employment of women Teachers in our Primary 
Schools, and even in Schools of higher grade, is rapidly 
becoming a matter of necessity. The increased demand 
for labor in every department of industrial occupation, 
and the high wages given to skilled mechanics and com- 
petent clerks, attract young men. They are vacating 
the School room. The experience is the same in every 
State. 

An examination of the statistics of various Normal 
Schools, developes the fact that three-fourths of the stu- 
dents who are qualifying themselves for the work of the 
Teacher, are young women. Thus it becomes evident 
that, in common with the Schools in other States, we must 
expect to employ, to a large extent, women Teachers. 
In some sections objection is urged that they cannot 
govern bad boys — or, to use the popular phrase, " the 
big boys who go to School during the winter." The 
answer to this is, that boys who are too big to behave 
themselves, are not fit subjects for School discipline. 
They ought not to be admitted even if the Teacher has 
muscle enough to win in a fight. But the idea that women 
Teachers cannot maintain perfect discipline, is an error. 
It is one of the ideas that experience is rendering obsolete. 
They govern by an influence that is more potent than 
muscle or rude words, and by systematic mildness exert 
a controlling power over the largest as w^ell as smallest 
scholars. Women are also more patient and persevering 
as Teachers. The necessity, therefore, of employing 
them may be regarded as a benefit. We must make the 
experiment. When once faiily tried old prejudices will 
pass away, and they who are the natural educators of the 
young will be esteemed for their works' sake, be recog- 
nized as the friend of the children, and valued for the 



Xlll 

good example which, in School and out of School, they 
exhibit to the pupils committed to their care. 

Giving attention to the points referred to, and striving 
to elevate teachers to their appropriate position as mem- 
bers of society, we will do much for them, for our chil- 
dren and for ourselves. It will be a privilege, from year 
to year, to record progress — to see old and unworthy pre- 
judices disappear, and with the development of the masses 
of the people, morally and intellectually, hail the day of 
durable prosperity such as can only exist in communities 
educated and enlightened. 

Upon the Teachers, into whose hands these By-Laws 
will be placed, and to whose duties they refer, a solemn 
responsibility rests. After the School authorities have 
done all that devolves upon them, the full success of the 
work depends upon the Teachers. Encourage them to 
enter upon their work as a sacred mission. They deal 
with the tender mind and conscience. They impart ideas 
of right and wrong which will remain through life 
Thoughts impressed in early childhood are never erased. 
Habits of system, neatness and courtesy, may be formed at 
School. The Teacher has the plastic wax and may mould 
it at his will. Thus the daily routine duties of class and 
School room work give the Teacher power. It is the pro- 
vince of the Commissioner and of the Visitor, to see that 
so great power be exercised for the greatest attainable 
good. Therefore no immorality or negligence, or even 
rudeness, is to be tolerated. The Teacher must not only 
instruct properly, but live properly. In School and out 
of School the example must be good, that the dignity of 
the vocation of teaching may be preserved, youth trained 
in the paths of virtue and knowledge, and become a com- 
fort to their parents, a credit to their preceptors and, in 
process of time, an honor to the State. 

To this end we labor. To this the Superintendent, with 
all the energy he possesses, will devote his thoughts and 



XIV 

time. He feels the importance of his position. He re- 
gards it as a noble mission. He commences determined 
to work on, not discouraged by opposition, not dismayed 
by obstacles, not disheartened by misrepresentations, but 
fully convinced, with perfect faith, that in process of time 
success will crown our efforts, and under the wise guid- 
ance of the able State Board of Education, with the aid of 
liberal minded and earnest Commissioners, a System of 
Public Instruction will be developed for Maryland equal 
to the best in any State of the Nation. 

L. VAN BOKKELEN, 

State Sup. Pub. Inst. 
Baltimore, October, 1865. 



BT-LA¥S, RULES & REGULATIOJs'S 



FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 



\MXih »t Mtml €m%mmmm 



AND THE 



JPtiMic Schools of llaryland. 



BT AUTHORITY OP THE STATE BOARD OE EDTJCATI0:N\ 



[Laws of ]865, Chap. 160, Title 1. Chap. 1, Sec. 2. The State 
Board shall issue a uniform Code of By-Laws for the Government of 
all the County School Boards, and the Schools and High Schools 
under their charge.] 



Article I. — The, Boards of School Commissioners. 

Section 1. There shall be stated meetings of the Boards 
of School Commissioners of each County, on the first Wed- 
Tiesday after the I5th day of November and April, and 
on the first Wednesday after the first Tuesdav in February 
and July. Special meetings may be convened by the 
President, he giving cJt least five days notice. 

Sec. 2. The Board shall have power to determine all 
questions of dispute arising in the administration of tlie 
School laws. An accurate record must be made of each 
case decided, that, -if an appeal be taken to the State 
Superintendent, all the facts may be reported. 



Sec. 3. The salaries of teachers and all the incidental 
expenses of the Schools, shall be paid by order of the 
Board, at the end of each term. If the public money be 
not sufficient, the Board is authorized to borrow what 
may be needed, and to issue its note signed by the Presi- 
dent and endorsed by the Treasurer. 

Sec. 4. The business of the Board shall be transacted 
in the following order: 

1. The President shall take the chair when a legal quo- 
rum of the Board has assembled, shall call the Board to 
order, and require the members to be seated. 

2. The Secretary shall call the roll, note the absentees, 
and read thc' journal of proceedings of the last meeting. 

3. Reports from the Commissioners of the respective 
Districts, after the manner and form prescribed, shall 
be received and referred to the Committee on Ac- 
counts. 

4. Statements of accounts for the last term, shall be 
made by the Treasurer. 

5. All claims against the Board shall be presented, con- 
sidered, referred, approved or rejected. 

6. Reports from standing or special committees shall 
be received. 

7. Each Commissioner shall be called upon, in the order 
of Districts, to make a record of such business as he pur- 
poses to bring before the Board for deliberation or action 
during the meeting ; ard the President shall decide, if 
there be any difference of opinion, which business shall 
have precedence. 

8. All propositions and resolutions shall be made in 
writing, and if seconded, may be discussed, referred, or 
otherwise disposed of. 

9. No member shall speak more than twice upon any 
question, unless by permission of the Board. Every mem- 
ber addressing the chair shall rise from his seat, and no 



conversation between two members of the Board sball be 
permitted. 

10. No motion shall be in order, raising a new question, 
until the question before the B >ard shall have been dis- 
posed of — and all motions with reference to the question 
before the Board shall be received in the following order 
of precedence, to wit: to lay on the table; for the pre- 
vious question; to postpone; to commit; to amend. 

11. Any motion admitting of division into two or more 
distinct questions, may be so divided at the request of a 
member. 

12 Any member may call for a division, and the yeas 
and nays upon any question shall be recorded when called 
for by three members. 

13. A motion to adjourn shall be always in order. 

14 A motion to reconsider a vote shall be made only 
by a member who voted in the majority. 

15. In addition to the foregoing rules, the rules o"ene- 
rally adopted by deliberative bodies for their government, 
are declared to be in force for the government of the 
Board. 

Sec. 5. The Boards shall, on the 15th day of October 
of each year, report to the State Superintendent in such 
form as he may prescribe, the condition of all the Schools 
under th<'ir care, embodying abstracts from the reports 
of District Commissioners, suggesting such improve- 
ments in the School System as they may deem use.'ful, 
and giving such other information in regard to public in- 
struction as may be of public interest. 

They shall also report the number of private Schools, 
Academies and Colleges in the County or City, their 
course of study, number of pupils, boys and girls, and 
all other information, in such form as the State vSuper- 
intendent may prescribe, so as to present a full view 
of their educational facilities. A duplicate copy of this 



report shall be deposited in the office of the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court of the County, or for the City of Baltimore 
with the Clerk of the Superior Court, who shall safely 
keep it 

Sec. 6. The Board may call a special meeting of the 
resident voters of any School District at any time during 
the year, to be held at the School house. Of such meet- 
ing at least two weeks notice must be giv^n by advertise- 
ment in the County newspaper, and be posted upon the 
School house door, at the post office, and two other 
places of public resort within the District. The object of 
the meeting shall be clearly stated, and none other shall 
be voted upon except that for which the special meeting 
has been convened. 

Article II. — The President. 

Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the President to preside 
and keep ordt-r at the meetings of the Board, and to en- 
force the rules adopted for its government; if from any 
cause he should be absent, the Board shall appoint a 
chairman pro tem. 

Slc. 2. He may speak and vot^e upon any question, e\ 
cept in case of appeal from his decision. 

Sec. 3. The President shall constitute a medium of 
communication between the State Superintendent of PuU 
lie Instruction and the subordinate School officers and the 
Schools It shall be his duty to visit, as often as may 
be practicable, tlie Schools of the County, to examine the 
pupils, to enquire into all matters relating to the man- 
agement, the course of study and the mode of instuclion 
and discipline, so that each School shall be equal to the 
grade for which it was established, and that there may 
be uniformity in the course of study. 

2. He shall, as opportunity offers, address the people 
in their School Districts on the importance of Public In- 



struction, and endeavor to enlist their interest in the 
Schools and their teachers, and make such suggestions as 
he may think important to be considered in the Annual 
School District Meeting for the purpose of increasing the 
efficiency of discipline as well as the comfort of the 
pupils. 

3. He shall examine into the condition of the School 
houses, sites, out-buildings and appendages, examine the 
District Libraries; advise with and counsel the School 
officers of the District in relation to their duties: suo-o-est 
methods for warming and ventilating School houses, 
adorning School grounds, recommend to teachers im- 
proved modes of instruction, and use every effort to ad- 
vance the cause of Public Instruction and carry out the 
advice and instruction of the State Superintendent. 

4. He shall organize and conduct once in each year, 
for his own County, at such time as, after conference with 
the State Superintendent, may be designated, a Teachers' 
Institute at some central locality in the County, to which 
access is convenient, and where the Teachers will receive 
the encouragement of hospitality. In this work the 
President will be aided by a Professor from the Normal 
School, or by some practical Teacher appointed by the 
State Superintendent. 

5. He shall also encourage and assist at Teachers' 
Associations, to be convened at least four times in each 
year, on the last Saturday of some month, in each Com- 
missioner District, or such Districts united ; requiring the 
attendance of the Teachers of the District for the pur- 
pose of mutual conference and instruction in their duties. 

Sec. 4. He shall, by himself, or together with a Pro- 
fessor of the Normal School or some other practical 
teacher designated by the State Superintendent — examine 
and license Teachers, whose certificates shall be of effect 
for three years from date — re-examine any teacher hold- 
1* 



6 

ing his or his predecessor's certificate, aud if he find him 
deficient in learning or ability, annul the certificate. 

Sec. 5. He shall appoint three standing committees 
to serve for the two ensuing years, viz : a committee of 
two on Accounts, a committee of two on Books and Sta- 
tionery and a committee of two on School Houses and 
Sites, and School Furniture. 

Sec. 6. He shall sign all drafts ordered by the Board, 
authorizing the Treasurer to receive money for the use of 
the Public Schools, and all orders authorizing the dis- 
bursement of money by the Tm=;,irer, 

Sec. 7. Whenever it is impfacticable for the President 
to examine thoroughly an applicant for the position of 
teacher, or he may deem it advisable to defer the exami- 
nation and allow the applicant to teach on probation, the 
President shall issue to the person applying a permit for 
not more than sixty days, during or at the termination of 
which period an examination must be held- 

Article III. Secretary and Treasurer. 

Sec 1. The Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected 
by ballot, at the stated meeting in July of each 3'^ear, or 
at some subsequent meeting held by special appointment. 

Sec. 2. He shall take charge of and keep open the 
office of the Board, on such days and at such hours as 
the Board may direct. 

Sec. 3. It shall be his duty to countersign all drafts 
ordered by the Board and signed by the President, for 
money for the use of the Public Schools. 

Sec. 4. He shall receipt for all money received, and 
deposit it to his credit as Treasurer, as directed by the 
Board — keeping an accurate account of the same, dis- 
tingruishing the particular source from which it has been 
leceived, and di.-jburse the same according to the order of 



the Board, making the same distinction in his disburse-, 
ments. 

Sec. 5. He shall render to the Board, at each stated 
meeting, an account of receipts and disbursements. 

Sec. 6. He shall keep a fair and accurate record of 
the proceedings of the Board, and file and preserve all 
reports in writing, all accounts, and other written or 
printed matter from time to time laid before the Board, 
subject at all times to the examination of any member, 
and shall make a general report of the state of such ac- 
counts annually. 

Sec. 7. He shall receive and keep safely all deedsp 
notes, bonds or evidences of debt due the Board, and 
render an account thereof whenever the Board shall re- 
quire it. 

Sec. 8. He shall record legibly all the receipts and 
expenditures of the Board, keeping a particular account 
of the expenses of each District, in books provided for 
that purpose and preserved in the office of the Board, 

Sec. 9. He shall order such books and stationery as 
may be necessary for the general use of the Board and 
office, and by order of a Commissioner subject to such 
rules as the Board may have adopted, shall procure, 
through the Superintendent, from the State Agents or 
the publishers, books and stationery for the use of Schools. 
All such orders shall be filed, and the books and stationery 
charged to the District for which the order was given. 

Sec. 10. He shall keep an account of books and station- 
ery with each School, distinct from all other accounts for 
salaries or incidental expenses, noting the cost of books 
and the receipts from sale or use. 



Article IV. — The Commissioners. 

Sec. 1. Each Commissioner shall exercise a general 
supervision aver the Schools in his District, and shall 



Visit aLnd examine into their general condition at least 
once in every term, and report thereon at each quarterly 
meeting of the Board. 

Sec. 2. He shall account for all money coming into his 
hands as Commissioner from any source, and shall file 
with the Treasurer receipted bills as vouchers of the 
faithful disbursement of all funds appropriated to his 
District. 

Sec. 3. Each Commissioner shall report to the Board 
at its stated meetings, (on forms provided for the purpose,) 
the number of pupils attending School — boys and girls— 
the salary of each teacher, the incidental expenses of each 
School, and the amount received for text books. He shall 
also report the condition of School houses and School fur- 
niture, and what amount, if any, is needed for repairs and 
improvements. 

Seg. 4. He shall (by and with the consent of the Board,) 
appoint, from the list of persons holding registered certi- 
ficates, teachers to take charge of the Schools in his Dis- 
trict, subject to removal by the Board for good and suffi- 
cient cause. 

Sec. 5. He shall hear and decide upon all complaints 
or charges made against any teacher in his District, and 
in case of misconduct on the part of a teacher, shall have 
power to punish the same by admonition, or, in extreme 
cases, by the suspension of the teacher from his functions, 
until the next nieeting of the Board, (when the case shall 
be heard, and finally determined,) and to employ a proper 
person to fill the place of the teacher so suspended, who 
shall receive the salary which such teacher would have 
received. He shall also have poWer to order the dis- 
missal of any pupil, for good and sufficient cause. 

Sec. 6 If a vacancy occur in any Commissioner Dis- 
trict by resignation, death or otherwise, all the duties of 
the office shall be performed by the President of the 



Board of School Commissioners, until another Commis- 
sioner is appointed by the State Board of Education. 
The President shall be the District Commissioner ad 
interim, 

A.RTICLE V. — School Visitor. 

Sec. 1. There shall be appointed by each District Com- 
missioner, for each School in his district, to serve one 
year, one person of good moral character and zeal m 
public instruction, to act as School Visitor. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Visitor to aid the 
Commissioner in the supervision of the School property 
and the advancement of the interests of the pupils. He 
may visit the School as often as convenient, note the pro- 
gress of the pupils and the conduct of the teacher, and 
report the same to the Commissioner. 

Sec 3. The Visitor will act as the friend and adviser 
of the teacher, and adopt such plans as his judgment may 
suggest and the Commissioner may approve, to advance 
the cause of public instruction ; to secure supplies of arti- 
cles needed for comfort of the pupils, and to encourage 
parents and guardians to send their children and vvards 
regularly to School. 

Sec. 4. The Visitor shall examine the term report 
of the teaciier before th • report is sent to the Commis- 
sion r, and shall endorse thoreon his o[)iniou concerning 
the same. 

Article VI. — Teachers 

Sec. 1. It sh-iU be the duty of teachers to give punctual 
and constant attendance in School at the hours specihed ; 
to have the School room well swept, daily, and well 
warmed in winter; to give their perso.jal attention and 



10 

instruction to the pupils during the whole of said School 
hours. They will be held responsible for the order of the 
School and progress of the pupils. [ They shall receive 
respectfully, and give due weight to the admonition, ad- 
vice or instructions of the Commissioner of the District, 
and submit to his arbitration all difficulties arising in the 
government of the School. 

Sec 2. They shall keep a record of the daily attend- 
ance of themselves and each pupil, in a time book provided 
for that purpose, which shall be preserved and submitted 
to the inspection of the President, Commissioner and 
Visitor whenever desired ; and make a term report 
to the Commissioner, (on blanks provided for that pur- 
pose,) of the number and names of the pupils attending 
School during the term, giving the exact date of the 
entrance and withdrawal of each pupil, and the actual 
number of days each pupil attended during the term, 
designating the number of boys and girls, the amount of 
fees received, for use of books, &c. This report must 
contain the teacher's bill for salary, and the incidental ex- 
penses of the School, and be delivered to the Commis- 
sioner, endorsed by the Visitor, three days before the 
stated meeting of the Board. Monthly reports shall 
be rendered, if required by the Commissioner. (See Ap- 
pendix.) 

Sec, 3. Every teacher shall swear or affirm to his or 
her report and account, before a Justice of the Peace or 
a School Commissioner. 

Sec. \. For each day's absence from School without 
good and sufficient cause, the teacher shall forfeit the pro- 
portionate amount of salary. 

Sec 5. If any penalty be inflicted upon a teacher by 
the Commissioner of the District, such teacher shall be 
entitled to receive a specification in writing of the alleged 
offence, and shall have the right of appeal to the IBoard at 
its next meeting. 



11 

Sec. 6. If any teacher vacate his School before the 
close of the term without the consent of the Commis- 
sioner, he shall forfeit the salary already accrued for the 
current term, and be disqualified, for any future service 
under this Board. 

Sec. 7. Any teacher in the employment of this Board 
who shall refuse to vacate the School when regularly 
notified of his suspension by the Commissioner of the Dis- 
trict, shall forfeit all claim for compensation for services 
during the term in which such suspension shall take 
place, and be thereafter ineligible to any School under the 
control of this Board, unless reinstated. 

Sec. 8. Every teacher shall keep an account of the 
books and stationery furnished each pupil for use, and 
shall require the return of the same when the child leaves 
School, and if refused, he shall inform the Commissioner. 
The teacher will be held responsible for the safe-keeping 
and good condition of the books and stationery belonging 
to the Board. 

Sec. 9 No teacher shall grant the use of books or 
stationery to any pupil, unless the fee for the use of said 
books and stationery has been paid ; nor sell any books or 
stationery except for cash. 

Sec. 10. Each teacher, as the agent of the Board, shall 
collect and account for all book and stationery money. 

Sec. 11. The teachers shall purchase, when necessary, 
such articles as are allowed by Section seven of Article 
nine, and shall pay for them out of money received for 
books and stationery, and present receipted bills for the 
same, placing the amount under the head of incidental 
expenses in their term reports. 

Sec. 12. Every teacher shall make out and furnish to 
the Commissioner, an inventory of the books and station- 
ery in the School at the expiration of each term ; also 
an inventory of the books and stationery needed for the 
ensuing term. 



12 

Sec. 13. If a teacher wishes to vacate the School at the 
end of the term, ten days notice must be given to the 
Commissioner. If any teacher leave without giving 
notice, he shall be disqualified to serve again under this 
Board, except by unanimous consent. 

Sec. 14. No teacher is eligible to an appointment under 
this Board without having a registered certificate from 
the President or State Superintendent, or a diploma of the 
State Normal School. The legal age of men teachers is 
20 years, of women teachers 18 years. 



Article Y 11.-^ Committees. 

Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Ac- 
counts to examine the reports of teachers and School Com- 
missioners, and all accounts that may be presented relating 
to the Public Schools, and report the result to the Board. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Books 
and Stationery to report to the Board at the stated meet- 
ing in July of each year, the books and stationery fit for 
use in each School, and an estimate of the number of each 
kind of text books and the quantity of stationery needed 
for the ensuing School year ; from which report the Board 
may make up its statement to the Superintendent with the 
schedule of books and stationery required for use in the 
County. 

Sec. 3. The Committee on School Houses, Furniture 
and Sites, shall consist of the President, a Commis- 
sioner, each for his own District, and the Treasurer. They 
shall make all contracts for buildings, and superintend 
the work. 

For School Houses in the District of w^hich the Presi- 
dent is the Commissioner, the Board shall select the third 
member of the committee. 



13 

No School House shall be built without authority of 
the Board first obtained, and a specific appropriation for 
payment of the same. 



Article VIII. — Children, Parents and Guardians 

Sec. 1. No pupil will be admitted under six years 
of age, nor unless decently and comfortably clothed. 

Sec. 2. Pupils must enter promptly at the beginninoj' of 
each term. None will be admitted after the middle of the 
term, unless they have been kept from School by illness. 

Sec. 3. No part of the book fee will be returned in 
case of the dismissal, expulsion, or voluntary withdrawal 
of any pupil. With the consent of the Commissioners, 
pupils may be transferred from one school to another 
during the term. 

Sec. 4. Any pupil who may be prevented by pro- 
tracted sickness — say one month — from attending school 
during the term, for which payment has been made in 
advance, shall be entitled to a proportionate deduction in 
the book fee of the succeeding term. 

Sec. 5 Parents and guardians are expected to re- 
quire punctual attendance of their children or wards at 
school ; to keep them well and comfortably clothed, so 
that the school will always present a respectable appear- 
ance. They are expressly required, on no account, to 
interfere with teachers in the discharge of their duties, 
but to lodge all complaints before the Commissioner of 
the District, by whom they will be attended to. 

Sec. 6. Parents and guardians must exercise strict 
vigilance over their children or wards, and prevent them 
from defacing, destroying, or losing any of the books 
belonging to the Public Schools, and see that all books 
and stationery are returned when the child leaves school. 
Parents will be required to replace or pay for all books 
2 



14 

retained; destroyed or lost; tliey will be held responsible 
and required to pay for all damages done by their chil- 
dren or wards to school houses, school furniture, trees, 
fences, &'c. 

Sec. 9. Smoking, chewing tobacco, carrying fire arms 
or other dangerous weapons, either in the school house 
or on the premises, are strictly forbidden. 

Sec. 10. No pupil shall be received into School unless 
properly vaccinated. 

See Appendix, 

Article IX. — The Government of Schools. 

Sec. *1. The system of instruction and the text-books 
shall be uniform throughout the State, and shall embrace 
the following branches, viz : Orthography, Reading, 
Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History, English Gram- 
mar, Book-keeping, Algebra, Natural Philosophy and 
such other branches as the Commissioner, with the con- 
sent of the Board may select. Each pupil must pursue 
the prescribed course of study. 

Sec. 2. The School year shall be divided into four 
terms. The Fall term from September 1st, to Novem- 
ber l5th. The Winter term from November 16th, to 
.January 31st. The Spring term from February 1st, to 
April 15th, The Summer term from April I6lh, to June 
30th. 

Sec. 3. All Books or Stationery purchased or used 
by pupils attending any public school, shall be paid 'for 
in advance at the rates prescribed by each County 
Board. 

Sec. 4. The salaries of Teachers shall be determined 
by each Board of School Commissioners for its own 
County ; but they shall be calculated as follows. 

There shall be a fixed minimum Salary, per term, for 
every School coniyiniiig not more than 15 pupils. For 



each additional pupil over 1-5 and up to 25 there shall be 
an increase of salary from $1.50 to S2.00 per term as the 
Board may decide. For every pupil over 25 and up to 
35, an addition from $1.00 to $1.50 per term; for all 
pupils over 35, an addition of $1.00 until the maximum 
is reached. 

See Formula in Appendix. 

Sec. 5. School shall be opened daily, five days in each 
week, and for six hours each day. 

Sec. 6. There shall be a public examination of the 
pupils in each school in the last week of each term, 
which shall be superintended by the Visitor, and to 
which the parents and guardians of the pupils, and the 
public generally, shall be invited. 

Sec. 7. The Commissioner may order the following 
articles for the comfort, convenience and security of the 
school, viz. — Fuel, axes, saws, water-buckets, drinking- 
cups, wash-basins, towels, soap, locks and fastenings, 
glass and glazing, brooms, dusting-brushes and white- 
washing and cleaning once a year — all of which shall be 
paid for out of the book fees accruing to the school, and 
charged among incidental expenses. 

Sec. 8. Whenever a school has less than twelve regis- 
tered scholars, it maybe discontinued; and this at any 
period of the current term. 

Sec. 9. The Commissioner Districts shall be num- 
bered. First, Second, Third and so on. The Schools 
within the limits of each Commissioner District shall also 
be numbered from one and upwards. Schools shall be 
designated as follows : 

School No. 1, 2. or 3, of Commissioner District No. 1. 

School No. 1, 2, or 3, of Commissioner District No. 2. 
The number of Schools in each Commissioner District 
should as near as practicable, be equal. 



APPENDIX 



RULES RELATING TO TEACHERS. 

1 . All Teachers and Assistants are required to be in their 
School rooms fifteen minutes before the hour of opening 
School, and to have the School room thoroughly swept daily, 
and well warmed in winter. 

2. Teachers are not allowed to attend to any business 
during School hours, except that which appertains to the 
School, nor to be occupied with any subject of private study 
or reading. 

3. Teachers are required to report to the School Commis- 
sioner of the District at the end of each term the condition 
of their Schools, and oftener, if requested. They shall notify 
parents of the absence of pupils who do not bring a written 
explanation of the cause of absence. They shall record and 
present to the Commissioner, when he visits the School, the 
names of disorderly and negligent pupils. 

4. Teachers must not allow themselves to be interrupted 
by the visits of any person, during school hours, except the 
President of the Board of School Commissioners, a Schoo 
Commissioner, or the School Visitor. 

5. Teachers shall neither receive from parents nor send 
to them verbal messages regarding discipline, but all such 
messages must be in writing. 

9* 



18 

6. Teachers must keep a correct account of the Books 
and Stationery procured for their schools, and must report 
to the Commissioner the Books and Stationery on hand at 
the end of each term, the number sold, and amount received 
from sales or for use of Books. 

7. Teachers are not required to hear the recitations of 
dilatory pupils or those who are not prepared at the regular 
time for recitation, unless it can be done without interrupt- 
ing the regular School duty. 

8. Teachers are authorized to suspend pupils who are per- 
sistently disobedient or immoral in their conduct, but must 
promptly report the case with the charges to the Commis- 
sioner for his action. 

9. Complaints against Teachers must be made to the Com- 
missioner in writing, and shall not be acted upon until the 
Teacher has been notified ; when such complaints shall be 
thoroughly investigated, and if not sustained shall be 
promptly dismissed. 

10. Tn no case shall a patron of the School, who has reason 
to complain of the discipline or conduct of the Teacher, make 
such complaint in the presence of the pupils. The Com- 
missioner is the only person authorized to hear and deter- 
mine charges against Teachers. From the Commissioner's 
decision an appeal may be taken to the Board. 

11. If any parent or guardian shall abuse a Teacher, by 
the use of offensive language, or shall use any means to in- 
timidate him from exercising proper discipline, the Teacher 
may suspend from School privileges the children of such 
parent or guardian until the case can be heard and deter- 
mined by the Commissioner. 

12 Teachers may purchase, by order of the Commis- 
sioner, the following articles for the use of the School, viz : 
Fuel, axes, saws, water-buckets., drinking cups, wash basins, 
towels, soap, locks and fastenings, and glass for windows, 
and iii;',}' h;ivc tlic School roinn white-wnshed and cleaned 



19 

once a year, all of which shall be paid for out of any money 
received on iiccoant of books, and shall be charired in the 
bill for incidental expenses, which shall be accompanied by 
the proper vouchers. 



RULES RELATING TO PUPILS. 

1. The privilege of attending the Public Schools shall 
depend upon the pupil's observance of the Rules and Regu- 
lations, and the parents' compliance with what is required of 
them. 

2. E:!ch pupil shall pay in advance for the use of Books, 
unless released by the Commissioner, 

3. Punctual attendance is required at the hours appointed 
for opening of School, A. M and P. M. When a pupil 
comes into School after his class has recited the day's lesson, 
the Teacher shall not neglect other duties to hear his recita- 
tion alone. 

4. In case of absence, pupils must bring notes from their 
parents explaining the cause of the same 

5. Any pupil who, being frequently absent from School, 
is unable to keep up with his class, shall be reported to the 
Visitor for reprinmnd. If this does not secure regular at- 
tendance, the pupil may be suspended and reported to the 
Commissioner. 

6. Pupils when entering or leaving the School room must 
bow respectfully to the Teacher, They shall keep silence in 
School and avoid all unnecessary noise while upon the school 
premises. 

7. No pupil shall be permitted to leave School before the 
regular hour for closing, for any cause except sickness. 

8. Pupils must conduct themselves with propriety during 
recess, which shall be limited to ten minutes A. M. and P. M,, 
and be at diflferent times for boys and girls. 



20 

9. Pupils shall be considered under the government of 
their Teachers, while going to and returning from, as well 
as when in the School room 

10. Pupils must leave the School premises as soon as 
School is dismissed, and return promptly and quietly to their 
homes. 

11. Pupils must pursue the course of study as prescribed, 
including all the branches suited to their age and advance- 
ment. 

12. Pupils shall prepare their recitations at home, and 
when the exercise is not correctly performed, th'e delinquent 
may be detained at recess and after the regular School hours 
to make up the deficiency. 

13. Every pupil shall strictly obey all the orders and 
commands of the Teacher, and when any pupil refuses to 
comply with such orders, the Teacher may inflict a reason- 
able punishment, and in extreme cases may send the pupil 
home with a note to the parents, informing them that their 
child has refused obedience and thereby forfeited the privi- 
leges of the School until the Commissioner grants permission 
for return. The Teacher shall also notify the Commis- 
sioner of the suspension of the pupil by sending him a copy 
of the notice sent to the parent. 

14 No pupil, who may have been expelled from one 
School, shall be admitted into any other School, without a 
permit from the Commissioner who ordered the expulsion. 

15. The names of pupils who have often been reproved 
for improper acts, or the use of profane and unchaste 
language, shall be reported to the Commissioner. 

16. Any pupil who shall deface or destroy any property 
belonging to the School or to private individuals, shall be 
required to pay for the same, and may be punished at the 
discretfon of the Teacher. 

17. Every act of truant-playing shall subject the offender 
to reproof and admonition, and upon a repetition of the 



21 

offence, the pupil shall be suspended and the case reported 
to the Commissioner. 

18. When a pupil is guilty of any immoral conduct, or 
of using profane or indecent language injurious to the gen- 
eral welfare of the School, the Teacher may send such pupil 
home with a notice of suspension, until a permit is obtained 
from the Commissioner. 

19. Any pupil staying away from School on account of 
having been punished, or from the fear of punishment, shall 
not be allowed to return until a permit is obtained from the 
Commissioner. 

20. Smoking and chewing tobacco, and carrying fire arms 
or other dangerous weapons, either in the School room or on 
the School premises, are strictly forbidden, and any pupil 
bringing to the School a dangerous weapon may be sus- 
pended by the Teacher, and the case reported to the Com- 
missioner. 

21. When Books are placed in the hands of pupils for 
use they shall have them neatly covered with muslin, calico^ 
cloth or stout paper, and parents and guardians are required 
to see that this rule is always observed. Parents and 
guardians will be required to replace or pay for all Books 
retained, destroyed or lost, and they will also be held respon- 
sible and required to pay for all damages done by their chil- 
dren or wards to School houses, School furniture, trees, 
fences, &c. 

22. The Fall term commences on the 1st day of Septem- 
ber ; the Winter term commences on the 16th day of Novem- 
ber ; the Spring term commences on the 1st day of February ; 
the Summer term commences on the 16th day of April. 

23. Teachers are requested to read these rules to the 
whole School once in two weeks. 



S2 

Extract from the State School Law, 

"It shall be the duty of all Teachers, in Schools of every 
grade, to impress upon the minds of youth committed to 
their instruction, the principles of piety and justice, loyalty 
and sacred regard for truth, love of their country, humanity 
and benevolence, sobriety, industry and chastity, and those 
virtues which are the basis upon which a Republican Consti- 
tution is founded ; and it shall be the duty of such instruc- 
tors to lead their pupils into a clear understandmg of the 
tendency of these virtues, to preserve the blessings of liberty, 
promote temporal happiness and advance the greatness of 
the American Nation." 



* » » » t 



EXPLANATION OF THE 

MODE OF MAEKING IN THE ROLL BOOK- 

The Daily Register must be neatly kept, and marked 
in the morning and afternoon. 

When there is but one session of the school a day, the 
Register must be marked in the same manner as it would 
be if there were two sessions, treating the first half of the 
session as the morning, and the latter as the afternoon. 

The system of marking shall be that indicated in the 
annexed diagram and explanations, the blank squares 
denoting present all day and correct deportment: 







■ 




/ 






X 




1/ 






s 






\ 






4. 






/ 






r 













\ 
6 




X 



Correct deportment. 
Present all dav. 

Inattentive. 

Present, but tardy in the morning and afternoon. 

Idle. 

Present, but tardy in the mornino-. 

Disorderly. 

Present, but t;rdy in the afternoon. 

Disrespectful. 

Absent in the morning. 

General misconduct. 

Absent in the afternoon. 

Vicious conduct or profanity. 
Absent all day. 

Particular attention is directed to the manner of com- 
bining the characters used in marking the Register. The 
character denoting "Absence" is the most simple, being a 
single slanting stroke downwards from right to left for 
•'Absent in the morning," and a similar one from left to 
riofht for "Absent in the afternoon." These two com- 
bined form the oblique cross, and denote "Absent all 
day." AVhen a pupil comes in after bein2: marked "Ab- 
sent in the morn'ng," a horizontal line is made from left 
to right across the top of the square connecting with the 
slanting stroke, and converting it into the character for 
"Present, but tardy in the morning." The character for 
"Absent in the afternoon," is converted into the charac- 
ter for "Present, but tardy in the afternoon," by a hori- 
zontal stroke from left to right across the bottom of the 
square. These two combined form the character fi^r 
"Present, but tardy in the morning and afternoon." The 
combination of the characters for " Absent" durino;' one 



24 

session, and ** Present, but tardy,'' during the other ses- 
sion, is not shown in the diagram, but will be easily un- 
derstood by the intelligent Teacher. 

The Teacher's attendance shall be denoted by entering 
the day of the month in the small square under the initial 
letter of f he day. The blank squares will then indicate 
the Teacher's absence. 

All departures from correct deportment will subject 
the pupil to demerit marks, which must be denoted by 
the figures in the diagram. 

Each figure will indicate the number of demerit marks, 
and will be charged for the offences set forth in the expla- 
nations. These demerit marks must be entered in the 
upper square at the end of each day. No more than six 
demerits shall be charged against a pupil in one day, that 
number indicating the worst conduct. 

As the blank squares will indicate full and prompt 
attendance and correct deportment, every Teacher shall 
counsel the pupils to give no cause for marking the Reg- 
ister; and those pupils whose line of squares contains no 
marks at the end of the term, shall receive the decided 
approbation of the Commissioner and Teacher, and the 
Commissioner may present tneir names to the Board as 
deserving some special mark of commendation. 

Each branch studied by every pupil shall be indicated 
by entering the figure denoting the branch opposite the 
pupil's name. 

Any Teacher who shall neglect to mark the Register 
in a proper manner, in accordance with the aforegoing 
directions, or shall permit it to i^e soiled by blots, or other 
wise disfigured, shall be subject to reproval by the Com- 
missioner. 

It is understood to be the intent and meaning of the 
following extract from the State School Law, that each 
Teacher shall keep the Daily Register as herein directed, 
and an account of the books purchased or used by the 



25 

pupils, and make a report to the Commissioner at the 

end of each term, on blanks prepared for that purpose, 

giving- the name of each pupil, the date of entrance, 

the numl)er of days attendance, the number of demerit, 

marks, the branches studied by each pupil, the text-books 

used or purchased, the amount received from each pupil 

for the use or from the sale of text-boo-, s and station«'rv, 

the number of each book on hand in good condition, rhn 

number of pupils that entered school in the Fall Term. 

the number that entered the Winter Term, exclusive of 

those who entered the Fall Term; the number that entered 

the Spring Term, exclusive of those who entered the 

Fall and Winter Terms; the number that entered the 

Summer Term, exclusive of those who entered the Fall, 

Winter and Spring Terms; the number of boys and girls, 

and the number studying each branch. This report must 

contain the bill of expenses of the school for the term, 

embracing the salary of the Teacher and Assistant^ (if 

there be an Assistant,) and all incidental expenses. When 

the amount received for books and stationery has been 

allowed to remain in the hands of the Teacher, It must 

be credited on the bill. 

The Daily R,egister is to be preserved in the school 
until it shall be filled with names, and then must be deliv- 
ered to the Disti-ict Commissioner. 

E,x^tract from the State School Law. 

"Teachers shall keep, preserve and enter into Regis- 
ters prepared for that purpose, an accurate account of 
the attendance of pupils, text-books used, and branches 
taught, and such other statistics as may be required, and 
make due return thereof to the District Commissioner at 
the end of each term; and no Teacher shall be entitled 
to receive payment for services until the Register, pro- 
perly filled up and completed, be so returned." 



26 



TEXT-BOOKS 

Adopted by the State Board of Education for use in the 
Public Schools and High Schools of Maryland, 

FOR PRI3IAItY AND GMAMMAB, SCHOOLS. 

Sargent's Standard Speller. 

Sargent's Pronouncing Spelling Book. 

Lynd's Etymology. 

Webster's School Dictionary. 

Willson's Primer. 

Willson's Headers, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Sargent's Beader, Part 11, No. 4. 

Willson's School and Family Charts. 

Quackenbos' First Book in English Grammar, 

Quackenbos' English Grammar. 

Davies' Primary Arithmetic. 

Davies' Intellectual Arithmetic. 

Davies' Elements of Written Arithmetic. 

Davies' Practical Arithmetic. 

Davies' Elementary Algebra. 

Walton's Arithmetical Cards and Key, 

Cornell's First Steps in Geography. 

Cornell's Primary Geography. 

Cornell's Grammar School Geography. 

Goodrich's Child's History of the United States. 

Goodrich's Pictorial History of the United States. 

Phelps' Philosophy for Beginners. 

Phelps' Chemistry for Beginners. 

Phelps' Botany for Beginners. 

Northend's Little Orator. 

Northend's Entertaining Dialogues. 

Sargent's Standard Intermediate Speaker. 

Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Penmanship. 

Payson, Dunton & Scribner's Book-Keeping, Double and Single 
Entry, 

Bond's Copy Books, Nos. 1 and 2. 



21 

Bond's Copy Slips. 

School Boys' Infantry Tactics. 

Wells' Science of Common Things. 

FOR HIGM SCHOOLS. 

In addition to those Text Books of the Grammar School List, 
which may he used for High School Classes, 

Wehster^s High School Dictionary. 

Scholar's Companion. 

Willson's Reader, Xo. 5. 

Sargent's Evader. Part II. Xo. 5. 

<3uackenbos' First Lessons in English Compositiom. 

Quackenbos' Composition and Rhetoric, 

Davies' University Arithmetic. 

Davies' University Algebra. 

Davies' Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry, 

Davies' Legendre's Geometry. 

Davies' Surveying and Xavigation. 

Davies' Differential and Integral Calculus, 

Cornell's High School Geography and Atlas. 

Warren's Physical Geography. 

Burritt's Geography of the Heavens, and Atlas, 

Smith's Student's History of Greece, 

Liddell's Student's History of Rome. 

Worcester's Elements of Universal History, 

AYells' Natural Philosophy. 

Wells' Elements of Chemistry. 

Wells' Elements of Geology, 

Lincoln's Botany. 

Brockelsby's Elements of Astronomy. 

Emerson's Manual of Agriculture. 

Hart's Constitution of the United States, 

Philbrick's Union Speaker. 

Spalding's History of English Literature, 

Northend's Dictation Exercises. 
^Wayland's Moral Science.. 
^Wayland's Politicail Economy^ 
^Wayland's Intellectual Science. 

* The Abridged Editions of these "Works may be used if desired. 



28 

Boyd's Milton's Paradise Lost. 
Boyd's Cowper's Task. 
Boyd's Thompson's Seasons. 

• CLASSICAL SERIES, 

Brooks' First Latin Lessons, 
Brooks' Historia Sacra. 
Brooks' Viri Illiistres American. 
Brooks' Ceesar's Commentaries. 
Brooks' Ovid. 

Harkness' Latin Grammar, 
Hanson's Book of Latin Prose. 
Hanson's Book of Latin Poetry. 
Arnold's Latin Prose Composition. 
Dillaway's Roman Antiquities. 
Brooks' First Greek Lessons. 
Brooks' Collectanea Evangelica. 
Bullion's Greek Lessons. 
Bullion's Greek Grammar „ 
Bullion's Greek Reader. ' 
Johnson's Herodotus. 
Owens' Homer's Iliad. 
Arnold's Greek Prose Composition. 
Cleveland's Grecian Antiquities. 
Tooke's Pantheon of Heathen Gods. 

No Latin. or Greek Lexicon has been adopted, because the 
Text Books are provided w^ith ample Vocabularies. Students 
wishing larger Lexicons may use such Editions as they have 
at home, or purchase such as the High School Professor recom- 
mends. 

Books of Instruction in Vocal Music, and a Text Book of 
Anatomy and Physiology will be announced. 

All Orders for Books and Stationery must be sent lo 
the Superintendent through the Secretary of the Board of 
School Commissioners, the Secretary keeping an account 
of the same, charging each order to the Commissioner 



29 

District, and, if practicable, to the School for whicli the 
Books are procured. In the Superintendent's Office, 
Books and School requisites, as issued, will be charg-ed to 
the Board of School Commissioners 

Orders for Books and Stationery must be in form as 
follows : 

Office of Board of School Commissioners. 

County^ 186 

y<9 the State Sujperintendent vf Pub. Inst. 

Sir :— Forward to 
at for account of the Board of School 

Commissioners of County, the following- 

Books, &c. Send via. (here give the route as definitely 
as possible.) 

Write the name of each Book in full and the exact 
number — not the dozens. 

Signed, 



Secretary of Board of S. C. 



VACCINATION. 



FaEauENT objection has been made by parents to pro- 
cure certificates of vaccination. The following Sections 
of the Law- of 1864 are printed, to show that the teacher 
or Commissioner has no discretion. He must require the 
certificate or pay the penalty. 

Parents who neglect to have their children vaccinated 
are also liable to be fined. 

None can plead poverty as an excuse. The Law pro- 
vides for the gratuitous vaccination of children of indi- 
gent parents. 
3* 



30 

The great importance of this subject to health and 
even life ought to commend it to the prompt acquies- 
cence of all who have the guardianship of Children. 
Only ignorant and obstinately prejudiced persons refuse 
to comply. Such, the law coerces by a fine. 

JEoctracts from the Laiv of 1864, 

Et shall be the duty of every parent or guardian to 
have his or her child Vaccinated within twelve months 
after its birth, if it shall be in proper condition, or as soon 
thereafter as practicable, and if such parent or gfuardian 
shall have any other person under his or her control or 
care, not duly vaccinated, he or she should cause such 
person or persons to be Vaccinated prior to the first day 
of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-four. Any 
person failing to comply with the provisions of this section, 
shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay a sum not less 
than five, nor more than ten dollars. 

No Teacher in any School shall, after the first day of 
January, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, receive into 
such School any person as a scholar until such person 
shall produce the certificate of some reoular practicing 
physician that such applicant for admission into the School 
hus been duly Vaccinated. Any Teacher so offending 
shall, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay a fine of ten 
dollars for each offence, and no Public School Trustee, or 
Commissioner, shall grant a permit to any child to enter 
any Public School without such certificate, under the 
same penalty. 

All fines imposed under the provisions of this Act shall 
be recovered before a justice of the peace, in the same 
manner as small debts are recoverable, for the use of the 
School Fund of the County or City in whic^h such offence 
shall occur. 



31 

For e\'"ery child Vaccinated, whose guardian or parents 
are too poor to pay for th*- service, the County Commis- 
sioners of the several Counties, or the City Council of 
Baltimore, as tlie case may be, shall pay or cause to be 
paid, to the physician performing the service, the sum of 
fifty cents for every such case, on presentation of such 
account duly authenticated by an affidavit setting forth 
that the service was duly performed, and that the parents 
or guardians are unable to pay for said service. 

It shall be the duty of every practicing physician m 
this State, to Vaccinate all children in the circle of his 
practice which may be presented to him for Vaccination, 
^vithin one year after birth, if such child shall be in pro- 
per condition for such service, and he shall Vaccinate all 
other persons not previously effectually Vaccinated, who 
shall request such service from him. Any physician 
neglecting or refusing so to do, shall, on conviction thereof, 
forfeit and pay for every offence a penalty of five dollars. 



FORMULA BY WHICH TO CALCULATE 
TEACHERS SALARIES. 

[See By-Law, Sec. 4, page 14.] 

Let. <7=minimum salary, for School of 15 pupils. 

Z/^additional pay for each pupil over 15, where 
the averaofe rang'es from 15 to 25, 

Do 

c=additional pay for each pupil over 25, where 
the average ranges from 25 to 35. 

d'=:additional pay for each pupil over 35, where 
the average ranges from 35 to 60. 

??2=excess of pupils over 15. 

n= " «' " 25. 

p=z " '♦ '♦ 35. 



32 

The salaries will then be computed as follows i 
School of 15 pupils, the salary=sa. 
•* from 15 to 25, " =a_|-mb. 

♦' 25 to 35, " =a_[-mb-fnc. 

*• 35 to 60, «« =a4-mb4-»ic.f pd. 



For the purpose of informing the Commissioner of the 
condition of the Schools in his District, each Teacher shall 
prepare a Monthly Report according to the following 
form, and deliver it at the close of each month- 

He may add, under the head of remarks, any topic to 
which it is important to direct the attention of the Com- 
missioner. 

No blank forms are furnished for the Monthly Reports. 

TEACHERS' MONTHLY REPORT. 



Number of Pupils on the roll, - . - 

Average Attendance, .... 
General success (or progress) in Study, '■ 
General Deportment, (or Order,) 
Number of times special discipline was re- 
quired. 



186 . 

-Expressed as follows 
Excellent, 5. 
Good, 4. 
Moderate, 3. 
Indifferent, 2. 
Bad, 1. 



Teacher, 



33 
State of Maryland. 

UNIFORM SYSTEM OF FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

Organized under Act of March 2Wi, 1865. Provided for 
by the Constitution of 1864. 

No. 

Know all men by these presents, that 
havirg furnished satifactory evidence of good moral char- 
acter and passed an Examination in Orthography, Read- 
ing, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History and English 
Grammar, Book-Keeping, Algebra and Natural Philo- 
sophy, 

is hereby authorized to teach in the Public Schools of 
County for three years from the date 
hereof, unless this Certificate be annulled. 

Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of 
School Commissioners of said County, at their Office on 
the day of in the year of our Lord 

eighteen hundred and sixty 



State of Maryland. 

UNIFORM SYSTEM OF FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

Organized under Act of March 24, 1865. No. 

Know all men hij these presents, that 
having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral char- 
acter and passed an Examination in Orthography, Reading, 
Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, History and English 
Grammar, 



34 

IS hereby authorized to teach in the Public Schools of 
County for three years from the date 
hereof, unless this Certificate be annulled. 

Given under my hand and the seal of the Board of 
School Commissioners of said County, at their Office on 
the day of in the year of our Lord 

eighteen hundred and sixty 



TEACHEMS PEMMIT, 

No. Grade. 

Office Board of School Commissioners, 

County, 186 , . 

I hereby Certify ^ that 
having furnished satisfactory evidence of good moral char- 
acter, and ability to teach Orthography, Reading, Writing, 

Arithmetic, Geography, History, English Grammar, and 
* * * * 

is hereby permitted to teach in the Public Schools of 
County, until notified to appear before 
me for Examination, provided, nevertheless, that this per- 
mit shall not be in force longer than 



Note — For first grade add Algebra, Natural Philosophy and Book- 
Keeping. 



35 
DESCEIPTION OF SCHOOL-HOUSES, 

From rians and Drawings issued by the State 
Superintendent of I^ublic Instruciion. 

These plans and drawings, with specificatious, can be 
obtained from the State Superintendent's office. 

All public-school houses must be built by these plans 
and drawings, or such others as may be submitted by- 
County Boards and approved by the State Superintend- 
ent. Every school-house must be provided with black- 
boards, attached to the wall behind the teacher's desk, and 
in other positions convenient for the pupils. The eno-ra- 
vings of school-houses, desks, &c., are placed upon the 
last pages. 

■ FIGURE 1 is a frame house, 24+24 feet from outside 
to outside, and 12 feet high to the square, with an arched 



ceilinof. 



It has a vestibule 15+Sj feet from outside to outside. 
The windows are hung on sash cords and axle pulleys, 
for convenience in ventilating the room. There is a floor 
register placed under the stove for the admission of fresh 
air. The main room will take in the platfornn for teach- 
er's desk and four rows of double desks, which will 
accommodate fifty pupils. 

A book- case must be fixed between the doors at the 
lower end of the room, with lock and key, for safe keep- 
ing of books, stationery, &c. 

The vestibule is supplied with shelves and hat-pins or 
hooks, water-bench and wash-stand. 

FIGURE 2 is a frame house, 24-r36 feet from outside to 
outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
ceilino;. 

The vestibule is 15+8J feet from outside to outside. 
The whole building is finished in the same marner as that 
of figure 1, and will accommodate seventy-five pupils. 



36 

FIGURE 3 is a brick house, 241+37 feet from outside 
to outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
ceiling. The vestibule is 15^+9 feet. 

The provision for ventilation and the interior arrange- 
ments are the same as in that of figure 2, and the room 
will accommodate seventy-five pupils. 

FIGURE 4 is a stone house, 26+38 feet from outside 
to outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
ceiling. 

The vestibule is 16|^+10 feet from outside to outside. 
This buildino;- is finished in the same manner as that of 
figure 3, and has accommodation for seventy-five pupils. 
FIGURE 5 is a frame house, 24+46 feet from outside to 
outside, and 14 feet high to the square, with an arched 
ceiling. 

The vestibule is 15+81 feet from outside to outside. 
The main building is divided by a sash partition into 
two rooms — one 24+28 feet; the other 24+18 feet. The 
sashes are hung upon cords and pulleys, and may be 
raised so as to throw both rooms into one. When the 
sashes are down, the noise from one room is entirely shut 
out from the other; but the Principal can overlook the 
Assistant's room through the glass partition. Each of the 
rooms is ventilated and furnished in the same manner as 
the building- before described. This house will accom- 
modate one hundred pupils. 

In all cases where two-story or larger houses are 
required, special plans and drawings will be prepared. 



CLOSING SEAT SCHOOL DESKS. 

Patented March 2\st, 1863, hij W. Horace Soper. 

This Desk is recommended by the State Superintendent 
of t*ublic Instruction for use in all the Public Schools in 
Maryland. 



37 

DESCHIPTION OF THE DESK AND ITS ADVANTAGES. 

1. The Movable Seat — whicli is made to turn u[>f)n 
a strong metallic rod, (generally of iron) closing or fold 
Jng up so as to open an aisle between the Desks, through 
which persons may freely pass in cleaning the Schf)ol 
room, or for any other purpose. The seat presents no ob- 
struction whatever. Where this Desk is used there net*d 
be no filthy School rooms, as the floor is so little encum- 
bered that it may be as effectually cleansed as if the room 
were clear of Furniture. 

2 It Occupies Less Space than other Desks of equal 
size, while it affords the greatest convenience for the in- 
gress and egress of puj)ils 

3. It Costs Less than any other good Desk made of the 
same materials, and is so simple in construction that it 
may be made by any good mechanic. 

4. The Seats are Comfortable and so constructed 
as to promote the health of pupils. The back is inclined 
to support the loins as well as the shoulders. 

5. It is Neat in appearance and tastefully formed, 
possessing great strength and durability. 

6. It can be Made so Cheaply as to admit of intro- 
duction into the humblest School, or in such style as will 
meet the wants of the highest grade of Schools, Acade- 
mies and Colleges. 

These Desks can be made of any kind of wood, but 
the hard woods are the best. When maile of Walnut^ 
Cherry, Oak, Ash or Birch, they may be finished in oil, 
which is much cheaper than varnish, more durable, and 
genei'ally preferred. 

These Desks have already been introduced into a large 
number of the Schools. 

To facilitate their manufacture. Lithograph Working 

Drawings, accompanied by printed instructions, will be 

furnished. 
4 



38 
DESCRIPTION OF INK-WELL. 

The Ink-Well represented in the cut, is recommended 
as most suitable for use on Soper's Patent Desk. It is 
enclosed in a metallic frame, which is let into the Desk 
nearly level with its surface, thus preventing the annoy- 
ance caused by spilling Ink upon the desk and floor. It 
is protected by a metallic cover nearly flush with the 
desk, and having no hinges, is not liable to be broken. 
The Well can be taken out for cleaning, and, when 
broken by accident, can be replaced for a few cents while 
the metallic case and cover will last for almost an un- 
limited time. 



FORM OF TREASURER'S BOND. 

Know all men hy these presents, That we 

are held and firmly bound to the State of Maryland in the 
penal sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, to be paid to the said 
State of Maryland, or its certain Attorneys or Assigns, for 
which payment to be well and truly made, we hind our- 
selves, each and every of us, each and every of our heirs, 
executors and administrators, firmly by these presents 
sealed with our seals and dated the 

The condition of the above obligation is such, that if 
the above bound shall faithfully 

perform the duties of Treasurer of the Board of School 
Commissioners of and 

pay over and a.pply all moneys that shall come into his 
hands or care, as Treasurer aforesaid, to such persons and 
in such manner as the said Board of School Commissioners 
shall direct, and that he will keep and enter a full and fair 
account of all moneys received and paid by him, and of all 



39 

matters and duties relating to his office, and preserve the 
same and all vouchers relating thereto, and deliver up all 
the books and vouchers relating to his said office when- 
ever they are required by the said Board of School Com- 
missioners, to such persons as they shall appoint to receive 
the same. 

Then the above obligation shall be null and void, other- 
wise to remain in full force and virtue. 

Signed, sealed and 
delivered in the presence of 



FORM OF TEACHERS RECEIPT. 

n 

Board of School Commissioners of 

County, Dr. 



To Teacher, Pub. School No. 

Commisioner District, No. 
To Salary for Term, ending 1S6 $ 

** Assistant's Salary for the same Term, 

" Incidental Expenses, 



Cr. 

By Cash received on account of Books, 

Balance due. 
Received 1865, of School 

Commissioners of Com. District No. ^ ^^ Dollars, 

being the above balance in full. 

Teacher. 



40 
OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. 



State Board of Education. 

A. W. BRADFORD, Governor, 

President of the Board. 

C C COX, Lieut. Governor. 

JOHN M. FRAZIER, Speaker House of Del. 

L. VAN BOKKELEN, State Sup. of Puh. Instruction. 

W. HORACE SOPER, Clerk, 

State Snperintendent of Public Instruction, 

EBY. L. VAN BOKKELEN, L.L.D. 
W. HORACE SOPER, Secretary. 



BOARDS OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 

Allegany County. 

Name. Post Office, 

Rev. 0. PERINCHIEF, President, Mount Savage. 

E. S. ZEYELY, Cumberland. 

JASPER ROBINETTE, Flintstone. 

RALPH THAYER, Oakland. 

HENRY HOWARD, Lonaconing. 

Rev. RICHARD LAZARUS, Grantsville. 

E. S. ZEYELY, Sec. & Treasurer, Cumberland. 

Anne Arundel County. 

Rev. R. ANSPACH, President. West River. 

Rev. dorse Y JACOB, Johnson's Store. 

Dr. ASA LINTHICUM, Jessup's Cut. 

Rev. R. G. CHANEY, West River. 

JAS. H. HODGES, Sec. & Treasurer, Annapolis, 



41 



Baltimore City. 

JOHN F. PLUMMER, President, 

CALEB B. HYXES, 

W. H. HEBDEN, 

THOS. I. PITT, 

W. H. CATHCART, 

J. BINGHAM, 

JAS. D. LOWRY, 

CHAS. FARINGER, 

W. E. MEGRAW, 

J. MERRIFIELD, 

R. DANIEL, 

Rev. THOS. MYERS, 

JAS. H. COX, 

HENRY C. GRIFFIN, 

H. C. JONES, 

JOHN SHOWACRE, 

GEO. W. SUMWALT, 

W. H. CLARK, 

W. C. ARTHUR, 

THEODORE MOTTU, 

Rev. J. N. McJILTON, Treasurer, 

W. D. McJILTON, Glerh. 



Baltimore 


City, 


(( 


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Baltimore County. 



R. C. McGINN, President, 
Dr. E. J, K. HAND, 
WM. GAMBRILL, 
R. T. ANDERSON, 
JOHN L. TURNER, 
N. M. BRIAN, 
JOHN SCOTT, 
DR. R. E. JONES, 



Towsontown. 

Catonsville, 

Reisterstown. 

Monkton. 

Pikesville. 

Rossville. 

Butler. 

Union Meeting House. 



W. H. SOPER, Sec. dc Treas., No. 21 N. Calvert Street, Balto. 
4« 



42 



Calvert County. 

Dr. JOHN E. QUINAN, President, 

R. M. YOE, 

LEWIS GMFTITH, 

WM. R. QUINAN, Sec. & Treasurer, 

Caroline County. 

Rev. C. B. BOYNTON, President, 

WM. S. RIDGELY, 

Dr. ANDREW STAFFORD, 

Dr. M. a. booth, 

WM, STEVENS, Sec. & Treasurer, 

Carroll County. 

JACOB H CHRIST, President. 
WASHINGTON SENSENEY, 
JOSHUA YINGLING, 
JAS. V. CRESWELL, 
A. J. WILHELM, 
ZACHARIAH EBAUGH, 
ANDREW K. SHRIVER, 



Prince Frederick. 
Prince Frederick. 
Dunkirk. 
Prince Frederick. 



Potter's Landing. 
Greensboro. 
Preston. 
Denton. 



Union town. 

Mckinstrey's Mills. 

Westminster. 

W^infield. 

Finksburgh. 

Hampstead. 

Union Mills. 



WILLIAM A. WAMPLER, Sec.di Ireas., Westminster. 

Cecil County. 



F. A. ELLIS, President, 
JEFFERSON RAMSAY, 
WM. T. RICHARDSON, 
Dr. slater B. STUBBS, 
JAS. FORD, 
W^M. TORBERT, Sec. & Treas. 



Elkton. 
Port Deposit. 
Charlestown 
Rising Sun. 
Cecilton. 
Elkton. * 



Charles County. 



Dr. W. R. WILMER, President, Port Tobacco. 

Rev. J. H. RYLAND, 

Dr. GEO. MUDD, Bryantown. 

F. B. F. BURGESS, Port Tobacco. 

DANIEL W. HAWKINS, /Sec. dc Treas. Port Tobacco. 



4$ 

Dorchester County. * 

Di?. E. F. SMITHERS, President, Vienna. 

ROBERT F. THOMPSON, Xew Market. 

TRAVERSE SPICER, Taylor's Island. 

JOHN E. GRAHAM, Lakesville. 

ROBERT F. THOMPSON, Sec. & Treas. New Market. 

Frederick County. 

Dr. L. H. STEINER, President, Frederick Qty. 

JOSHUA BIGGS, Creagerstown. 

GEO. KOOGLE, Jackson. 

JOHN M. CHARLTON, Jeflferson. 

JOHN S. REPP, JohnsviUe. 

JAS. RUSSEL, New Market. 

CHARLES McELFRESH, Hyattstown, Mont. Co. 

JOS. M. EBBERTS, Sec. & Treas. Frederick City. 

Harford County. 

Rev. THOS. C. S. SMITH, President, Bel- Air. 

W. T. BAYLESS, Glenville. 

JOHN T. SPICER, Bel-Air. 

CHEYNEY HOSKINS, Upper Falls. 

JOHN H. KIRKWOOD, Black Horse, 

JAS. SILVER, Churchville. 

B. H. HANSON, Sec. & Treasurer. Bel-Air. 

Howard County. 

SAME. K. DASHIEL, President, Savage Factory. 

De. JOEL HOPKINS, Elkridge Landing. 

DAA^ID BURDETT, Lisbon. 

MARSHAL McCAULEY, Sec. & Treas., Ellicott's Mills. 

Kent County. 

HOWARD MEEKS, President, Edesville. 

J. P. IRELAND, Galena. 

JAS. L. DAVIS, Chesterville. 

JAS. L. USILTON, Chestertown. 
JOHN W. HINES, Sec. & Treas., 



44 

Montgomery County. 

W. H. FARQUHAR, President, Sandy Spring. • 

CHARLES ABERT, Olney. 

JOHN S. DESELLUM, Rockville. 

FREDERIC A. DAWSON", Poolsville. 

J. OHN NSOPER, Hyattstown. 

RICHARD M. WILLIAMS, Sec. & Treas., Rockville. 

Prince George County. 

Dr. J. H. BAYNE, Fort Washington. 

GEO. W. DUVALL, Buena Vista. 

WM. CLARK, Queen Anne. 

JOHN W. COFFREN, Croome. 

GEO. W. WILSON, Sec. & Treasurer, Upper Marlboro'. 

Queen Anne County. 

JAS. W. THOMPSON, President, Centreville. 

ELIJAH PIERCE, Suddlersville. 

THOS. H. KEMP, Broad Creek. 

DAVID H. CRANE, Church Hill. 

WOODMAN J. GIBSON, Sec. & Treas, Centreville. 

Somerset County. 

HENRY A. WHITE, President, Princess Anne. 

JOHN TURNER, Tyaskin. 

J. S. LANKFORD, Rehoboth. 

HANCE LAWSON, Annemessex. 

JASPER HUMPHREYS, Salisbury. 

Dr. CADMUS DASHIELL, Sec. & Treas. Princess Anne. 

St. Marys County. 

Dr. JAS. BUNTING, President, Chaptico. 

Dr. a. H. bean, St. Inigoes. 

ALBERT YOUNG, Charlotte Hall. 

GEO. SPALDING, Leonardtown. 
GEO. COMBS, Sec. & Ttxasurer, '' 



45 



Talbot County. 

Dr. SAML. a. HARRISON, President, Easton. 
L. DODSON, 

Dr. JAS. DAWSON, St. Michaels. 

HENRY P. HOPKINS, Kings Creek. 

uEONIDAS DODSON, Sec. & Treas., Easton. 

Washington County. 

THOS. A. BOULLT, President, Uagerstowa. 

J. J. HERSHEY, Hagerstown. 

J. A. MILLER, Clear Spring. 

J. S. HEDDINa, Hancock. 

JOS. GAYER, Smithsburg. 

JACOB FUNK, Hagerstown. 

JOHN KRETZER, Sharpsburg. 

SAMUEL RHORER, Boonsboro. 

ALBERT SMALL, Sec. & Treasurer, Hagerstown. 

Worcester County. 
Rev. SAMUEL K. STEWART, Prest., Berlin. 



Rev. W. D. MACKEY, 

SAMUEL S. McMASTER, 
BENJAMIN S. SHEPPERD, 
THOS. B. SMITH, 
G. W. COVINGTON, Sec. & Treas., 



Snow Hill. 
Newtown. 
Shepperds X Roads. 
Salisbury. 
Snow Hill. 



\o. 1 




No. 2. 




No. 3. 





Ko. 5. 




Closing SeatiSehool Desk. 




Ink Well, 




X 



BY-LAWS 



FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 



mxU at ^ic\\0o\ §ommmm%tx4 



OF MARYLAND. 



RULES AND RI^]GUfiATIONS FOR TEACHERS AND PUPILS, 



TOGETHER WITH 



FORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSACTING ALL 
PUBLIC SCHOOL BUSINESS. 



ISSUED BY AUTHORITY OF 



THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. 



BALTIMORE; 
PRINTED BY WILLIAM K. BQYLE. 



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